Immunized avian with vaccine, produces specific antibody in the serum as well as in the egg yolk. An adjuvant is used to augment the effects of a vaccine by stimulating the immune response. Morinda citrifolia, L., especially the fruit contains of some chemical compounds such as polysaccharide, scopoletin, damnacanthal, proxeronine and proxeroninase. All those of active compounds, are soluble in…
In the 20th century, influenza virus A infections caused the pandemic severe respiratory illness in humans, some of the cases were fatal. Therefore, it is important for us to know the transmission mechanism and factors that can affect the virulence of influenza viruses. Virulence of influenza virus in birds, mammals and humans is determined by its ability to inflict damage to host cells caused …
Avian influenza (bird flu) is an infectious disease caused by influenza A (H5N1) virus. The virus originated from an infected bird which than spread to the children. The inhaled influenza A (H5N1) virus will damege the structure and function of airway, which will be continued by demaging other organs, such as eye, gastrointestinal, dan nervous system. The diagnosis is based on epidemiological …
Aim Between July 2005 and May 2008, Indonesia reported 133 H5N1 confi rmed human cases with a case fatality proportion of 81%. Fifty-four percent of cases had a history of direct contact with poultry (chickens). Therefore, it is important to defi ne the detection of antibody of H5N1 among people who have intensive contact with poultry have been exposed to H5N1 viruses. Methods We collected sera…
Pathogenesis a/infection ofH5NI virus involves hyperinduction a/pro inflammatory cytokines which causes the cytokine storm. Although mu/tigenic, NSJ gene can contribute to the level a/virulence and or cytokine resistance. In this study, the NS1 gene fragment of H5Nl isolated from chicken and muscovy duck in Central Java aljd Yogyakarta, respectively. were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses were pe…
Polymerase Basic 2 (PB2) is the longest segment of Avianlnjluenza Virus (AIV) genome. has been known to play a role in cleavage and capping a/RNA, related with replication and transcription into 8 segments of virus genome. This study was aimed to find out the existence of amino acid change in positions 627 and 667 that Glutamate mutation into Lysine in position 627 PB2, determines the high path…
Avian influenza is an epidemic caused by type A influenza virus subtype H5Nl.transmitted by wildfowl or domestic poultry and may attack human. The study.therefore.aims to reveal the increase of the people's know¬ledge,the change in atfitude.and the people participation in the prevention and care for avian influenza in bontonompo district of Gowa regency. The re¬search design is quantitative w…