The avian influenza (AI) H5N1 viruses have caused nearly 600 fatal cases in the world since 2003. The H5N1 AI virus is still circulating in wild birds and domestic. One of the known of AI virus pathogenicity is the ability of the nonstructural protein (NS1 and NS2) to induce cytokine storm. Mutations of the NS1 and NS2 proteins may aggravate infections. Genetic sequences of NS gene that enco…
Influenza is a disease that occurs throughout the year in Indonesia. Surveillance of ILI (Influenza-Like Illness) has been ongoing since 2006, but information on the effect of climate change on the distribution of influenza virus in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the distribution pattern of influenza due to climate change in Indonesia in 2012-2013. This study used I…
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) or pneumonia has a major contribution in the morbidity and mortality, however, Indonesia still has lack of its epidemiology. The aim of the study is to know the epidemiological pattern of influenza virus as the etiology of SARI cases. This analysis based on the sentinel surveillanceSARI conducted by Center for Biomedical and Basic Technology of Heal…
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common disease caused by human enterovirus (HEV). The symptoms and signs of infection among children typically present with vesicular exanthema on the soles of their feet, the palms of their hands and in their mouths, causing discomfort and feeding difficulties. The disease is caused by mainly Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16) serotype. It has recently be…
Rabies virus detection using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT – PCR) was considered to have high sensitivity and specificity. This method is relatively faster and easy to perform in comparison with other methods such as Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT) and Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT). Therefore, the RT PCR method is used as ante mortem diagnosis of rabies. A total of 74…
Rotaviruses are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in young children. The incidence of diarrhea due to rotavirus in Indonesia is evenly throughout the year with the mortality approximately of 10,088 children in a year. These viruses are transmitted by fecal-oral route with high rate of transmission. More than 50 combinations G-P known as strain that infect human with the predominant serotypes…