Neurologic disorders requiring surgical intervention more and more caused by traumatic brain injury, haemorrhagic strokes, or brain tumors. The anesthetic management of these patients can be compli…
Background and Objective: Postoperative agitation is a problem that sometimes occurs in patients who underwent general anesthesia. There is still controversy about the relative advantages of the us…
Hemorrhagic stroke is devastating disease and only 30% patients survive in 6 months after event. The comm on cause of intracranial hemorrhage are subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from aneurysm, bleedi…
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) morbidit), and mortality are due to primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is due to mechanical forces during the trauma process and secondary injury is subsequen…
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was jirst described in 1888 by a French physician named Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one type of cyanotic congenital heart defect most widely …
Neuroendocrine tumor is commonly in adult patient with incidence 10-15% in all of intracranial neoplasm and highest at 4th-6th of life decade. Patients with neuroendocrine tumor have an unique ch…
The brain is the body's vital organs are susceptible to damage. Have a high oxygen demand, is highly dependent on glucose, has a high metabolic rate, but have low adaptability of the injury and it …
Craniopharyngioma is a sellar and parasellar tumor, which accounts to 6-10% of childhood brain tumors. Common symptoms are signs of increase intracranial pressure, like headache, vomiting and visua…
Trauma during pregnancy, including head injury, is the leading cause of accidental maternal death and morbidity, and complicates 6%-7% of all pregnancies which requires multidisciplinary patient's …
During Traumatic brain injury, secondary insults will led to physiological and biochemical cascade that disturbing cerebral energy metabolism. After traumatic brain injury, sustained changes in cel…