Epidural hemorrhages (EDH) are bleeding in epidural space, usually occur in the middle cranial fossa via laceration of the middle meningeal artery, although they can also occur in the anterior and …
Trauma is still the most cause of death in the world. In America more than 90,000 people die because of trauma, mostly traffic accident and violence. Around 20% of the victim had multiple trauma an…
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) morbidit), and mortality are due to primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is due to mechanical forces during the trauma process and secondary injury is subsequen…
Anesthesia procedure in the prone position was often necessary in order to facilitate access to a variety of surgical operations, including neurosurgery among others, the spine surgery. In addition…
During Traumatic brain injury, secondary insults will led to physiological and biochemical cascade that disturbing cerebral energy metabolism. After traumatic brain injury, sustained changes in cel…