The avian influenza (AI) H5N1 viruses have caused nearly 600 fatal cases in the world since 2003. The H5N1 AI virus is still circulating in wild birds and domestic. One of the known of AI virus pat…
Immunized avian with vaccine, produces specific antibody in the serum as well as in the egg yolk. An adjuvant is used to augment the effects of a vaccine by stimulating the immune response. Morinda…
In the 20th century, influenza virus A infections caused the pandemic severe respiratory illness in humans, some of the cases were fatal. Therefore, it is important for us to know the transmission …
Avian influenza (bird flu) is an infectious disease caused by influenza A (H5N1) virus. The virus originated from an infected bird which than spread to the children. The inhaled influenza A (H5N1) …
Aim Between July 2005 and May 2008, Indonesia reported 133 H5N1 confi rmed human cases with a case fatality proportion of 81%. Fifty-four percent of cases had a history of direct contact with poult…
Pathogenesis a/infection ofH5NI virus involves hyperinduction a/pro inflammatory cytokines which causes the cytokine storm. Although mu/tigenic, NSJ gene can contribute to the level a/virulence and…
Avian influenza is an epidemic caused by type A influenza virus subtype H5Nl.transmitted by wildfowl or domestic poultry and may attack human. The study.therefore.aims to reveal the increase of the…