The avian influenza (AI) H5N1 viruses have caused nearly 600 fatal cases in the world since 2003. The H5N1 AI virus is still circulating in wild birds and domestic. One of the known of AI virus pat…
The epidemic arising out of H5N1 virus infection causes death case and material loss. Mutation of H5N1 virus that signify the increase of pathogenicity and change of dispersal of host response can …
Aim Between July 2005 and May 2008, Indonesia reported 133 H5N1 confi rmed human cases with a case fatality proportion of 81%. Fifty-four percent of cases had a history of direct contact with poult…
Pathogenesis a/infection ofH5NI virus involves hyperinduction a/pro inflammatory cytokines which causes the cytokine storm. Although mu/tigenic, NSJ gene can contribute to the level a/virulence and…
Influenza A/HeN1 virus is a major cause of epidemic influenza in poultry in Indonesia since 2003. Furthermore,Influenza A/H5N1 is considered to threat human health when the human first case was det…