Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in Indonesia. Central obesity is one of the risk factors that is often found in patients with CHD. Body mass index (BMI) of waist and hip circumference is commonly used to measure the central obesity in individuals. And now, this method is considered as the anthropometric measurement which is more sensitive, cheaper and easier to assess…
In order to reduce the spread of disease in developing countries such as Indonesia, data is rate as well as practical methods to determine how to cope with the diseases that increasing rapidly each year. Descriptive statistical methods are generally only describe data on-dimensional, meaning that only one variable, so that when applied to data of high-dimensional visual representations whi…
Malaria is found scattered throughout the islands, especially in eastern Indonesia. Each year about 2.5 million people died, mostly children under five years old. Recently, malaria remains a cause of death of infants, toddlers and pregnant women. It also decreases productivity of infected person and tend to increase over the year. The plasmodium infection causes immune response of host whic…
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common disease caused by human enterovirus (HEV). The symptoms and signs of infection among children typically present with vesicular exanthema on the soles of their feet, the palms of their hands and in their mouths, causing discomfort and feeding difficulties. The disease is caused by mainly Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16) serotype. It has recently be…
Issues of different effects of carbonated soft drinks to human health have been circulated and analyzed in both scientific and non-scientific approaches. However, there is few publications discussing the specific effect of carbonation on human health and, more often than not, studies have largely concentrated on the effect of sugar or calorie content in carbonated beverages in affecting our hea…
Soil is home to biodiversity where 25% of the Earth’s species live in the soil. Soil can provide ecosystem function through complex interactions between organisms in the soil and the soil itself as soil formation, water filtration, as well as providing useful compounds. However, the soil can be a reservoir of disease in humans. This is because the soil is the recipient of the solid waste that…