This study was undertaken to ivestigate microbiological pattern and the related antibiotic resistance of acute bacterial exacerbation of COPD in Persahabatan hospital. The relationship between sputum bacteriology and severity of COPD obstruction was also evaluated. The cross-sectional study, 87 sputum specimens was assesed with Gram’s smears by using Bartlett’s score criteria. A quantitati…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. An importance factor in exercise limitation is ventilator is ventilator disturbance because of airflow limitation and increase work of breathing in the diaphragm. Respiratory muscle dysfunction contribute to dyspnoea and the onset of hypercapnea. This reduction in peripheral and res…