Introdnctlon: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among diabetes mellitus (DMJ patients. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is reported to increase the risk for DM complications, however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Retina is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress due to a high demand for oxygen. Hyperglycemia stimulates retinal oxidative stress and increase…
Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the level of Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Nitric oxide (NO), and the ratio of ET-1/NO in Erectile dysfunction (ED) and normal subjects. Material & method: This case-control study was carried out in Makassar with subjects recruited from outpatient clinic at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and divided into 2 groups (56 subjects DE and 34 subjects normal). …
Nitric oxide (NO) was once regarded as a noxious environmental pollutant, when in the 1980s several lines of research showed that NO is essential of the human body. NO is a short-lived gas that is produced locally from L-arginine by the enzyme NO-synthase NOS). NOS is found in preganglionic and postganglionic autonomic neurons, as well as in vascular endothelial cells. Inside the VSMC (vascula…