Since high bone turnover is associated with decreased bone mass, biochemical markers of bone remodeling, such as serum osteocalcin, may be used to assess osteoporosis and to predict fractures in elderly women, particulary those involving trabecular bone, and use of a combination of bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers may improve fracture prediction. The serum levels of osteocalci…
Backgrown: Enamel demineralization is a common and undesirable side effect of fixed appliance Orthodontic treatment. Many studies showed that the prevalence varied between 2-96%. There are many was to prevent demineralization and increased remineralization such as oral hygiene instruction and by topical application such as acidulated phosphate flour (APF) casein phospopeptide-amorphous calcium …
Life expectancy in Indonesia was increasing every year as impact of access to health services. On 2004, number of elderly people is 16.5 million, 52.6% is female. The most health problem facing by female elderly was osteoporosis that it proved by incidence of oesteoporosis among female was higher thatn male. Infact of that one out of three female tends to have osteoporosis: meanwhile the incide…