Introdnctlon: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among diabetes mellitus (DMJ patients. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is reported to increase the risk for DM complications, however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Retina is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress due to a high demand for oxygen. Hyperglycemia stimulates retinal oxidative stress and increase…
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a visual disorder caused by the diabetic microvascular complications. Genetic polymorphism in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene plays an important role in the susceptibility of DR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the polymorphism of VEGF gene insetion/deletion (I/D) -2549 with DR in Javanese type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)…