Background:Previous studies in Indonesia with a limited sample of HIV-1 subtypes revealed that HIV-1 subtype distribution and mode of transmission differed between the regions. This analysis aimed to describe subtypes and mode of transmission of HIV-1 in wider area in Indonesia. Methods:This analysis used a part of HIV/AIDS cross sectional study in seven provinces in Indonesia in 2011 among …
A case of secondary syphilis and HIV coinfection accompanied by irritant contact dermatitis in a 24-year-old men who have sex with men (MSM) was reported. The patient presented with erythematous macules, papu les, plaque, and thin scales on the scalp, neck, chest, back, bath arms and lower limbs. There were erythematous macules on bath palms and sales, also erythematous mocules, hiperpigmented …
Treatment failure in HIV patient is usually marked by virological failure, immunological failure, and clinical deterioration of the patient. Virological failure preceded other faifures and characterized by no decrease in viral load after 48 weeks of antiretroviral treatment. Immunological failure is characterized by CD4 decreased. Factors contributed to the faifure of ARV treatment are adherenc…
Anti Retroviral Treatment (ART) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/ Acquired Immunodefficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a life-long treatment with the goal of the suppression of virus replication to achieve patient improved quality of life. Unfortunafely, number of treatment failures among patient receiving ART is stlll high because of poor adherence. The criteria for good adherence inc…
Anti Retroviral (ARV) in HIV patients dramatically changed the prognosis of patients with HIV but requires perfect adherence to treatment. Until now the assessment of adherence to ARV treatment is difficult because ideal method of assessment to use in day-ta-day practice is unavallable. In this paper we will describe the role of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as a method of assessment of adheren…
CD4 count is a marker for initial and follow up antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV/AIDS patients. It requires expensive equipment and skill to performed. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends total Iymphocyte count (TLC) as a substitute marker for CfJ4 count to start ART. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between CD4 count and TLC in baseline and follow up data as a gu…
Over the last decade, lndonesia became one of the fastest growing injecting drug user (IDU) driven Human Immune Defeciency Virus (HIV) epidemics in Asia. Among strategies to prevent and control the HIV epidemic in lndonesia, methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been established and could become an entry point for HIV testing and treatment in IDUs. This study explored MMT and HIV treatment …