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Urinary Calculi (Batu Saluran Kemih)

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Urinary calculi has been known long before the era of Hippocrates; and at the beginning of this century, stones in the urinary bladder is reportedly more frequent than those in the kidney or in the ureter. The structure of the urinary calculi is rather complex. Stones will be formed when concentration of some metabolites increases and exceeds its solubility level. However, if the urine output is high, precipitation of stone forming crystalls will not occur. In alkaline urine those substances are also easily soluble. Calculi within the ureter usually present with typical renal colic. Staghorn calculi and bladder stones associated with obstruction may be asymptomatic; except for a history of recurrent infection. Removal of the stones by a surgery is oftenly necessary. However, with the introduction of techniques such as percutaneous nephrolithomy (PCNL) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (EWL) in 1980, more than 95 percent of the urinary stones can be removed without performing an open surgery.

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Majalah Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tri

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: ., 1995

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urinary calculi

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