Gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) close associated with any symptoms and airways disorders including chronic cough and asthma. The prevalence of GERD in asthma patients still unclear, approximately 34-89%. In many studies showed that approximately 55-82% asthma patients had GERD symptoms. Endoscopy finding from asthma patients showed that esophagitis prevalence is approximately 27-43%. Th…
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of world’s health problems. Morbidity and mortality cauced by the diseases are increasing annualy. Aspects involved in TB are individual, environmental, and baterial. It is important to consider not only one’s physical factor but also mental factor such as comprehension and perception. Furthermore, stigma and social isolation may occur and precipitate any psychopath…
Exacerbation, mostly of an infectious etiology, are frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD patient. The rle o bacterial patern in sputum of patients wirh acute bacterial exacerbations of COPD, the possible relation between functional respiratory impairment (measured by FEV1) and isolation of diverse pahogens in the sputum and to determine the role of Echinacea purpurea in bacterilogi…
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a common method of creating copies of creating copies of specific fragments of DNA PCR rapidly amplifies a single DNA molecule into many billions of molecules and can be detected with visualization. Diagnostic of pleural effusion caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still a clinical prili were oblem especially of low sensitivity in conventional methods. To …
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. An importance factor in exercise limitation is ventilator is ventilator disturbance because of airflow limitation and increase work of breathing in the diaphragm. Respiratory muscle dysfunction contribute to dyspnoea and the onset of hypercapnea. This reduction in peripheral and res…