Introduction: From the influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance in Indonesia, we learned that there was disagreement between virus culture and reverse trancriptase polymerase chain reaction…
Aim Between July 2005 and May 2008, Indonesia reported 133 H5N1 confi rmed human cases with a case fatality proportion of 81%. Fifty-four percent of cases had a history of direct contact with poult…
Influenza A/HeN1 virus is a major cause of epidemic influenza in poultry in Indonesia since 2003. Furthermore,Influenza A/H5N1 is considered to threat human health when the human first case was det…