Transient physiological changes in the biliary system during preg¬nancy increased the risk of gallbladder diseases. Nonoperative man¬agement of symptomatic cholelithiasis increases the risk of compli¬cations of biliary lithiasis, such as cholecystitis and empyema, while obstruction common bile duct stones with or without cholangitis and biliary pancreatitis raise maternal mortality. Delay in…