Breast cancer may progress from an atypical lesion. Angiogenesis has an important role in the growth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, which can be reflected through the microvascular density (MVD). Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are stromal cells that can produce pro-angiogenic factor su ch as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and induce matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9…