Based on Health Ministrial Decree No. 558/1984, there are two units at the central level which deal with health education activities, i.e. Pusat Penyuluhan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Pusat PKM) with directly reports to the Minister of Health and Direktorat Bina Peran Serta Masyarakat (Dit. Bina PSM) which reports to the Director General of Community Health. The two units are assigned to do more oper…
The community-based prepaid health care programme known as 'Dana Sehat' has been known for a long time as one form of community based health activity. In the mid 1970s, the 'Dana Sehat' programme was one of the basic programmes of the Village Community Health Development or 'PKMD'. It is developed to improve health status of community members based on the principle of mutual self-help ('gotong …
Exposure of a nonsmoker to cigarette smoke in environment has twicerisk more larger than smoker to suffer ill. Biochemical measures have included plasma and urinary nicotine and cotinine, an evidence exposure of a nonsmoker to cigarette smoke. Health hazards exposure of a nonsmoker to cigarette smoke is wellknown to be a source of annoyance, primarilly because of eye iritation, nose irritation …
Environmental impact of public health exposed on many environmental impact reports at toll-road are still limited on traffic accident. Other public health aspects that have not been included in those studies are poisson of tetra etyl lead, carbon monoxide, etc from air pollution due to motor vehicle exhaust gasses, deafness by traffic noise and several diseases related. The omission of these im…