A Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt decrease of renal function which marked by increase of serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL or ≥1.5 times of previous level or decrease urine output 6 hours. Sepsis is the most common cause of AKI with incidence rate is about 20–50% and mortality nearly 70%. Urine neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) level in AKI patients can increase quickly an…
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the one of major health problems in the world. Related to decreasing kidney function in CKD, the complications are emerged. One of complication is bone mineral disorders. Bone mineral disoders in chronic kidney disease are the broad clinical syndrome of diseases that manifestated by systemic bone mineral disoders due to chronic kidney disease. These syndrome were…
Perioperative management on patients undergoing pituitary surgery is varies according to the size of pituitary lesion, type of lesion, surgical method used and the ideal preoperative function of endocrine. Specific problems in most patients relate to primary hormonal hypersecretion conditions and its complications. It cause by the absence of best methods for all patients undergoing this kind o…
Abstract Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a big problem in the world because of high mortality and morbidity. TBI burdens approximately 600,000 people every year in USA. Head injuries are found in 17.6% of all trauma in-patients and are the most common cause of death after injury (26.6%) in Germany. Here we report anesthetic management in male, 19 yrs old, 65 kgs body wieght, diagnose was Epid…
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBl) is one of the serious life-threatening condition in trauma victim, and as the major cause of disability and death in adult and children. Subdural hematoma is the most often focal intracraniallesion found, with the incidence of 24% in elose head injury cases. Approximatelly 6-24% of Atrial Fibrilation (AF) contributes to ischemic stroke and sudden death because of he…