Heart puncture wounds are almost always fatal as these wounds lead to massive hemorrhage, dysrythmia, and tamponade or submerges the heart. Management of anesthesia of these cases consist of the standard cardiopulmonary resuciation, the maintenance of airway, adequate ventilation, and circulation by ensuring adequate fluids. Premedications is not always needed as intubation has usually been per…
Head injuries often pose problems for anesthesia, the main issues are cranial blood supplay, intracranial pressure, hypoxemia and shock. In severe head injuries, the autoregulation of the brain is often lost, causing the existing ischemic areas to suffer from inadequate blood supply, ensued by extending ischemic areas. Furthermore, intracranial pressure may increase due to intracranial causes. …
Acute cerebrovascular congestion after a closed head injury is significantly related to intracranial hypertension and bad prognosis. As an indirect method of cerebral blood flow measurement, Transcranial Doppler (TCD) Sonography provides a rapid and invasive assessment of cerebral haemodynamics, including hyperaemic conditions. TCD examinations was serially performed in 35 patients with severe …
Brain injury is the third most common cause of death after cancer and heart disease. About 17.5-20 percent of brain injuried patients die before reaching hospital and the cause of the death either the severity of the injury or delayed and wrong treatment. These factors change primer brain injury into secondary with the risk of increase mortality and morbidity.