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Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Beta Vulgaris L. (Buah Bit) Dengan Berbagai Fraksi Pelarut Terhadap Mort Alit as Larva Aedes Aegypti (Effectivity of Beta Vulgaris L. Extract With Various Solvent Fractions to Aedes Aegypti Larval Mortality)

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Dengue vector control is mostly done by using plant-based insecticides. lnsecticides from the vegetable and fruit extracts of the leaves of plants that contain compounds alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and polyphenols can be used as an alternative to naturally control Ae. aegypti. The purpose of th is study was to determine the effectiveness of the B. vulgaris L extract larvacide against larvae of Ae. aegypti. The materials that been us ed was B. vulgaris L fruit parts which was mil/ed and dried to become a powder form. 800 g of dry powder was extracted by 70% methanol by percolation method with occasional stirring for 3 days.

The extract was concentrated using an evaporator. 60 g remaining residue was dissolved in distilled water and re-extracted with diethyl ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction extract was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent was distilled. The extract was tested qualitatively to determine the content of secondary metabolites. Larvacide test performed by dissolving each extracts in dimetilsulphoxide (DMSO) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1% The larvae us ed was larval of Ae. aegypti age of seven days. Death larvae counted every) day for seven days to determine the effect of the contact. Tests carried out at a temperature of 27 ± 1o C by immersing 25 larvae at each concentration ofthe extract with 50 mL volume and three replications was performed. The data obtained were analyzedfurther with different test.

The results showed that fruit extract contains flavonoids, alkoloid, sterols, triterpenes, saponins and tannins. Highest mortality happened which was 82.5% and the lowest mortality happened with a concentration of 0.1% diethyl ether extractfraction. The extracts that are dissolved in various solvent fractions have not been effective as a larvacide until the highest concentration which was 1% Methanol and polar solvent extracts of the fruit has a larvacide potency a bit higher than other solvents.

Keywords: B. vulgaris L., Aedes aegypti, larvacide

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ASPIRATOR, 5 (1) 2013: 23-29

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Ciamis : Loka Litbang P2B2 Ciamis., 2013

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7p

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2085 4102

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