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Inflamasi pada Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and tractable disease with some significant extrapulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component is characterized by airflow llimitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. COPD is projected to be the fifth highes cause of morbidity and the third hidhest cause of mortality world wide by 2020. The physioological abnormalities observed in COPD are due to a combination of emphysema and obliteration of the small airways. These two pathologies are distinct in that comphysema can occur without narrowing of the small airways, and vice versa, although the conditions usually coexist. Small airway narrowing is a consequence of inflammation, increased airway muscle mass and fibrosis in the airway wall, and the accumulation of inflammatory mucus exudates in the lumen. Subsequent increased airway wall thickness is associated with worsening disease severity
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