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Immunological Aspect and the Role of Autoantibody Tests in SLE (Aspek Imunologis dan Peranan Pemeriksaan Autoantibodi pada Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik)

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Autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) rheumatoid arthritis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, Grave's diseases, polymyositis, myashenia gravis and psoiasis is a disease among the population with a prevalence of about 6 percent. Autoimmune disease is an expression of abnormal functions of the immune system. Many factors such as internal (HLA A molecule, complement deficiency, hormone), external (physical, infections, chemicals, metals), other factors (age, nutrition) and stress are playing a role in the development of the disease. The characteristics of SLE are abnormal functions of B and T cells of the immune system and their interaction. The consequences of these abnormalities are activation of the B cells which produce about 30 kinds of antibodies directed towards the nucleus, cytoplasma, cell organelle, cell membrane and macroolecule of the blood (immunoglobulin). There are also abnormalities in the function of T cells and cells of the phogocyte-macrophage system, abnormality in the production and response to cytokines. Different kinds of outoatibodies are associated with the autoimmune disease; found in nearly all SLE patients and in about 90 percent of dermatomyositis and selecoderma patients. Some of those antibodies are specific such as anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm in SLE; anti-tRNA synthetase, anti-MI-2 in polymyositis and dermatomyositis; anti-cetromes and Scl-70 in scleroderma. Other antibodies are not specific and can be found in SLE, dermatomyositis and seleroderma (anti-nRNP, UIRNP) in LE,, Sjogren syndrome, polymyositis (anti-Ro/SS-A, anti La/SS-B) and in polymyositis and sleroderma (anti PM/Sc) In conclusion, the laboratory test to show the presence of outo-antibodies are required in both evaluation/diagnosis and monitoring of the SLE.

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Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia,46(7)1996:382-389

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: ., 1996

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immunology
lupus erythematosus, systemic

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