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Typhoid Fever Control (Pengendalian Demam Tifoid)

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Typhoid fever is a common cause of fever, worldwide distribution, most prevalent throughout the tropic, especially in places with the poor sanitaryconditions. It was estimated that the global annual incidence of typhoid fever is 33 million cases with 1.5 million deaths. In Indonesia, the incidence of typhoid fever is estimated 350 to 810 cases per 100,00 population and the fatality is estimated 50,000 per year. Typhoid fever is an acute systemic diseases resulting from infection of Salmonella typhi. Salmonella typhi gains access to the body by the oral route in almost all cases and it is as a cansequence of ingestion of contaminated food, water or milk transmission of S. typhi to the new host occurs directly or indirectly through contaminated foods, fluid, fingers, formites and flies. All ages and both sexes are qually susceptible to infection, however, cases in males are more frequent than females. The infection should therefore be controlled by the application of the principle of hygiene and public health. Many efforts which could be done to control typhoid fever are detection and isolation of sources of infection, treatment of cases and the convalescent and chronic carriers, protection of food and water supply in the community, and vaccination of persons who are at risk. Chronic carriers must be treated with prolonged course of treatment. Supervision on food industrial and restaurants are very important in typhoid fever control, for example, supervision on sanitation of places of work, food processing, foodstuff selection, preservation, cleanness of equipment in food processing. In healthy people, efforts have been done. It includes health education for community, particularly about KAP of personal hygiene, for example, washing hands before meal or before doing something, providing places for washing hand with clean water in public services and restaurants, and conducting vaccination of typhoid fever.

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Jurnal Jaringan Epidemiologi Nasional,(Edisi 1)199

Publisher

: ., 1996

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Subject(s)

typhoid

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