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Pathogenesis of Melasma (Patogenesis Melasma)
Melasma is a characteristic pattern of hyperpigmentation, occuring primarily on the forehead, cheeks, and chin in a mask-like distribution. Pigmentation is regulated by complex processes ranging from the molecules, which are relevant to melanin synthesis to symbiotic interactions with keratinocytes of the skin as a fully integrated system. Etiologic factors associated with melasma are genetic predisposition, sunlight, hormonal factors such as pregnancy, oral contraceptives, endocrine disorder, certain cosmetics, certain drugs and photosensitizing agents, nutritional deficiency, liver disfunction, chronic infections, emotional stress and other unknown factors. The two most important factors are genetic predisposition and solar ultraviolet radiation. Pigmentary disorders of melasma are epidermal hypermelanosis, dermal hypermelanosis and decreased malphigian cell turnover.
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