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Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Technique to Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases (Penerapan PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) sebagai Diagnostik Penyakit Infeksi)

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A major difficulty in some infectious diseases today is the time required to make a diagnosis. The gold standard has been culture and sensitivity (by means of microbiology investigation); however, some organisms are difficult to culture, and some are dangerous to grow or take long periods to grow and indentification. In these particular instances, a quicker and more accurate way to make a diagnosis could minimize the need for broad spectrum antibiotics or the use of inappropriate antibiotics, there'by decrease hospital costs by shorten the hospital stay and facilitating use of the correct antibiotic. Clinical application of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) may be an answer of prompt and accurate diagnosis. The PCR technique uses reparted cycles of DNA synthesis to detect a spesific DNA sequence unique for the gene of interest and, thereby, to identify the specific organism. It is based upon some basic molecular and genetic biology principles. Selected segments of any DNA molecule can be amplified exponentially by the PCR. This technique provides a powerful tool to detect and identify minimal numbers of microorganisms. By amplication of hypervariable DNA domains, differences can be detected even among closely related strains. PCR is aplicable both in diagnosis, as well as in epidemiology.

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Majalah Kedokteran Diponegoro,31(3 4)1996:209-215

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: ., 1996

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infection
polymerase chain reaction

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