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The Antimicrobial Spectrum and Pharmacokinetic Profile of the Oral Third Generation Cephalosporins (Spektrum Antibakteri dan Profil Farmakokinetik Sefalosporin Generasi Ketiga yang Diberi Per Oral)

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The outcome of antibiotic administration to overcome a particular infection depends on three interactive factors i.e., the drug, the patient and the causative pathogen(s). From the drug point of view there are two important factors i.e, the antimicrobial potency and the pharmacokinetic profile of the antibiotic being used. To obtain a satisfactory result, it is desired that the antimicrobial concentration in the site of infection is higher than the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). In recent years it is observed that concentration-dependent phenomena play an significant role towards obtaining the best effect antimicrobial use. The concentration-dependent phenomenon indicates that the best result could be achieved if the antimicrobial agent is given in high dose, thus resulting very high antimicrobial concentration in blood, providing it does not cause toxicity. Meanwhile, time-dependent phenomenon means that the most result it attained if the antimicrobial blood level is maintained above the MIC for as long as possibe during the dosage intervals. The very high antimicrobial concentration in the blood, however, is not required here. Concentration-dependent phenomenon is observed in, for example, aminoglycoside therapy. Time-dependent phenomenon is evident in betalactam drugs (i.e, the penicillins and cephalosporins). Recently, the cephalosporins are extensively developed world wide. The orally given third generation of cephalosporins generally has longer half-life of elimination as compared to that of its previous generations. This characteristic fits well with the time-dependent phenomenon. Consequently some of the orally given generation of cephalosporins could administered only once or twice daily.

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Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia,46(9)1996:504-509

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: ., 1996

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antibiotics

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