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Human Defence Mechanism in Bacterial Infection (Mekanisme Pertahanan Tubuh Manusia pada Infeksi Bakteri)

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The human has developed a variety of immunologic defense for bearing with many different characteristics of bacteria. This defence mechanisms were provided by natural immunity, spesific immunity or both. Two types of pathogenic microorganisms illustrates the main feature of immunity to microbes: extracellular bacteria and intracellular bacteria. Extracellular bacteria such as staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Meningococcus, Gonococcus, Escherichia coli are capable of replicating outside host cells. The mechanisms might involve phagocytosis opsonization direct lysis toxin neutralization or other more complex responses regulated by cytokines. Extracellular bacteria have some evation mechanisms such as anti-phagocytic and inhibition of complement by encopsulated bacteria and gbetic variation of surface antigens. Intracellular bacteria survive and replicate within host phagocyte cells. The major protective immune response against intracellular bacteria is killing of phagocytosed microbes as a result of macrophage activation by T cell-derived cytokines, particularly IFN, and lysis of infected cells by cytolytic T limphocytes. An important meachanism for survival of intracellular bacteria is their ability to resist elimination by phagocytes. Host characteristics that influence susceptibility to infection include age, genetic factors and sufficient nutritional requirement for synthesis of defence components.

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Majalah Kedokteran Indonesia,46(9)1996:489-503

Publisher

: ., 1996

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Subject(s)

immunity
infections

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