Diphteria is an acute infection of the upper respiratory tract or skin caused by toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheria. It is characterized by a formation of pseudo membrane in the infection sites and a toxic reaction involving primarily the heart and peripheral nerves. The organism usually gains entry through the respiratory tract is mainly spread by respiratory droplet from patients or …
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disorder of recurrent vascular thrombosis, pregnancy losses and thrombocytopenia associated with persistently elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). Many patients with APS have clinical and laboratory features found in other autoimmune diseases, particulary SLE. Such patients should be defined as having a 'secondary' APS to distinguish them fr…
The aim of the study was to assess the clinical manifestations and survival rate in SLE patients in Malang. Sixty eight SLE patients hospitalized in dr Saiful Anwar General Hospital in 1985-1994 were studied retrospectively. All the patients fulfilled the revised ARA criteria. The results showed that the frequency of lupus manifestation were arthritis 92.7 percent, oral ulceration 86.8 percent,…
The aim of the study was to assess the profile of antiphospholipid antibodies (AP) in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Fifty pregnant women with RSA were studied compared with 52 healthy pregnant women as control. The results showed that the frequency of APA were significantly higher in pregnant women as control. The results showed that the frequency of APA were significantly…