ABSTRACT: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is escalating in frequency and also proportion. The incidence of NAFLD and its complications such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is increasing, caused by lifestyle shift towards high calorie intake but low physical activity. Liver biopsy as the gold stan¬dard for diagnosis was seldom used because of reluctance for invasive procedure.…
Treatment failure in HIV patient is usually marked by virological failure, immunological failure, and clinical deterioration of the patient. Virological failure preceded other faifures and characterized by no decrease in viral load after 48 weeks of antiretroviral treatment. Immunological failure is characterized by CD4 decreased. Factors contributed to the faifure of ARV treatment are adherenc…
Anti Retroviral (ARV) in HIV patients dramatically changed the prognosis of patients with HIV but requires perfect adherence to treatment. Until now the assessment of adherence to ARV treatment is difficult because ideal method of assessment to use in day-ta-day practice is unavallable. In this paper we will describe the role of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as a method of assessment of adheren…
Theophylline is known as bronchodilator. Changes in the composition oftheophylline metabolites indicates the changes in its metabolism as well as its bronchodilator effect and its toxicity. Cauliflower is known has activity as enzyme inducers. The amount of theophylline and its metabolites were expressed as percentage of theophylline dose in blood. The study was aimed to examine the changes o…
Theophylline is known as bronchodilator. Changes in the composition of theophylline metabolites indicates the changes in its metabolism as well as its bronchodilator effect and its toxicity. Cauliflower is known has activity as enzyme inducers. The amount of theophylline and its metabolites were express ed as percentage oftheophylline dose in blood. The study was aimed to ex am ine the chang es…
Each suction cigarette smoke contains free radicals 1015 and a substance that can tngger the formation 0/ free radicals in the lung tissue. Tracheal cartilage is part 0/ the respiratory system: Tracheal cartilage damage can be detected from the cell Ieondrosit elements. Vitamin C as an anti-oxidant has been ShOl1Jf1 to neutralize the effects of free radicals in the alveoli and the trachea pithe…
Thrombotic complications in acute leukemia are often underestimated because bleeding complications generally dominate the clinical picture. While there are many thrombogenic factors shared by both solid tumors and leukemia, many additional prothrombotic feactures are present in leukemia. The prothrombotic factors include hyperleukocytosis, increased expression of tissue factor and its activatio…
Anemia has an important role in morbility and mortality among HIV-AIDS patients. The study of anemia among HIV-ids pattuent in Indonesia was not much done. A cross-sectional study has been done in Teratai Clinic Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of anemia in HIV-AIDS patients between 1 January to 30 June 2008. There were 534 HIV-AIDS patients, anemia occ…