Post-operative pain is one of the main problem in the surgical services so that analgesia is very much needed, even intravenously given. The concept of preemptive analgesia surgical intervention is the provision of analgesia before the accurence of nociceptive stimulus. One of the agents for providing preemptive analgesia is local injection is local injection with local anesthetic, single or in…
Panretinal photocoagulation is used to destroy new blood vessel growth which develops on large areas of retina. Burns that occur would cause scars, that would stop bleeding. Laser has shown benefit in decreasing advance visual loss. Several studies stated that paracentral scotoma, choroidal neuvascularization (rare), submacular fibrosia and laser injury cycatrical widening, Study on this proble…